THEMES
Where the cooperation actually happens.
Browse India's foreign relationships by what they're actually about. Each theme page shows which countries are cooperating, how deep it runs, and what the headline frameworks are.
01 OF 08
Defence & security
How India builds its defence relationships - equipment supply, joint production, exercises, and intelligence-sharing. India is the world's largest arms importer; indigenisation is now the top policy priority. 47 countries have some form of defence cooperation with India.
02 OF 08
Trade & investment
India's goods trade totalled $778bn in FY24. 92 countries have active trade or investment frameworks with India. This page tracks who India trades with, what agreements are in force, and where investment is flowing.
03 OF 08
Technology cooperation
Where India works with other countries on the technologies that will shape the next decade - semiconductors, AI, telecoms, space, critical minerals, and the digital public infrastructure India has exported through UPI and Aadhaar.
04 OF 08
Climate & energy
India's climate diplomacy, energy transition partnerships, and clean technology cooperation. Covers solar, hydrogen, critical minerals, and India's role in global climate finance negotiations.
05 OF 08
People-to-people
Diaspora, tourism, education, and cultural exchange. India's 32 million-strong diaspora is the world's largest and is central to its soft power. This page tracks scholarships, visa frameworks, and people-movement agreements.
06 OF 08
Civilisational & cultural
India's cultural diplomacy through ICCR, yoga diplomacy, Buddhist circuit tourism, and heritage cooperation. Tracks cultural centres, language programmes, and joint heritage projects with partner countries.
07 OF 08
Health & pharma
India as pharmacy to the world. Covers generic medicine exports, vaccine diplomacy through Vaccine Maitri, pharmaceutical manufacturing partnerships, and health security cooperation.
08 OF 08
Maritime & connectivity
Port development, shipping lanes, undersea cables, and India's SAGAR doctrine for the Indian Ocean. Tracks port investments, maritime security agreements, and India's role in Indo-Pacific connectivity frameworks including IMEC.